Russian

The westernmost parts of Kaliningrad Oblast and some parts in the south of Krasnodar Krai and the North Caucasus have an oceanic climate. Ruling from to , Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War — , securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade. Retrieved October 28, Russia, home of over , rivers, [] has one of the world's largest surface water resources, with its lakes containing approximately one-quarter of the world's liquid fresh water. The vocabulary mainly abstract and literary words , principles of word formations , and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly Russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. This opinion dominates in all macro-regions, age and language groups. Russia's pre-school education system is highly developed and optional, [] some four-fifths of children aged 3 to 6 attend day nurseries or kindergartens. Russia also shares borders with the two partially recognised breakaway states of South Ossetia and Abkhazia that it occupies in Georgia. Russia, by constitution, is a symmetric federal republic with a semi-presidential system , wherein the president is the head of state , [] and the prime minister is the head of government. Russian is also spoken as a second language by a small number of people in Afghanistan. Russia's national symbol, the double-headed eagle , dates back to the Tsardom period, and is featured in its coat of arms and heraldry. Historically, Russian athletes have been one of the most successful contenders in the Olympic Games. Minority languages across Russia.

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Deutsche Welle. The New York Times. On 19 January [ O. Archived from the original on May 24, Retrieved January 28, Russia is the world's thirteenth-largest exporter and the 21st-largest importer. Retrieved April 5,

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See also: Russian cuisine. Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky , who laid the foundations of this style. Contents move to sidebar hide. In addition to the modern Russian alphabet, Unicode and thus UTF-8 encodes the Early Cyrillic alphabet which is very similar to the Greek alphabet , and all other Slavic and non-Slavic but Cyrillic-based alphabets. In other projects. Cambridge: University Press. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide. Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Wikiquote Wikivoyage. New Region. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism. The coastal part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, most notably Sochi , and some coastal and interior strips of the North Caucasus possess a humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters.

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The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in aboutfrom which modern Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus trace their Russian, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language, Russian.
Great ranges of temperature are typical.
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It is the largest country in the world by area , extending across eleven time zones. It shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. The country's capital as well as its largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and cultural capital. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers , developing into the Russian Empire , which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in , Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR —the world's first constitutionally socialist state. At the expense of millions of lives , the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War , it competed with the United States for global ideological influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements , including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin , under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries , including its war with Georgia in and annexation of Crimea in from neighbouring Ukraine , followed by the further annexation of four other regions in during an ongoing invasion. Internationally, Russia ranks among the lowest in measurements of democracy , human rights and freedom of the press ; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank highly globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the English name Russia first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from Medieval Latin : Russia , used in the 11th century and frequently in 12th-century British sources, in turn derived from Russi , 'the Russians' and the suffix -ia. There are several words in Russian which translate to "Russians" in English.

Russian is a minority language, Russian. Russian [e] is an East Slavic languageRussian, spoken primarily in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family, Russian. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, [f] and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. It was the de facto and de jure emag pampers 6 official language of the former Soviet Union. Russian has over million total speakers worldwide. Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without—the Russian "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant has a hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language, Russian. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels, Russian. Russianwhich is often unpredictable, is not normally Russian orthographically[36] though an optional acute accent may Russian used to mark stress — such as to distinguish between homographic words e.

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